What is the name of a light-emitting diode?

What is the name of a light-emitting diode?
1, Basic Definition of Light Emitting Diodes
Light emitting diode, also known as LED, is a device that converts electrical energy into light based on the PN junction characteristics of semiconductor diodes. It consists of a P-type semiconductor and an N-type semiconductor, forming a PN junction between the two. When a forward voltage is applied across the PN junction, electrons are injected from the N region into the P region, and holes are injected from the P region into the N region. These carriers recombine near the PN junction, releasing energy, and some of the energy is radiated outward in the form of light, forming a luminescent phenomenon.
2, The working principle of light-emitting diodes
The working principle of light-emitting diodes is a process of electro-optical conversion. In pure semiconductor materials, P-type and N-type semiconductors can be formed by infiltrating a small amount of impurities. A special charged thin layer, known as the PN junction, is formed at the interface between P-type and N-type semiconductors. When a forward voltage is applied across the PN junction, the PN junction conducts in the forward direction, and electrons and holes recombine near the PN junction, releasing photons and producing luminescence.
3, Material composition of light-emitting diodes
The core part of a light-emitting diode is a chip composed of P-type and N-type semiconductors, and its emission color is mainly determined by the bandgap energy of the semiconductor material. Common materials for light-emitting diodes include gallium (Ga), arsenic (As), phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), and other elements. For example, gallium arsenide diodes emit red light, gallium phosphide diodes emit green light, silicon carbide diodes emit yellow light, and gallium nitride diodes emit blue light. In addition, by adjusting the composition and proportion of semiconductor materials, other colors of luminescence can also be achieved.
4, Application of Light Emitting Diodes
The application range of light-emitting diodes is very wide, including but not limited to the following aspects:
In the field of lighting: With the continuous breakthroughs in semiconductor materials and their process technologies, the luminous efficiency of LED has significantly improved, becoming a new generation of electric light source after incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps, and high-intensity gas discharge lamps. LED lighting has the advantages of energy saving, environmental protection, and long lifespan, and is widely used in fields such as home lighting, commercial lighting, and industrial lighting.
Advertising lights and directional lights: LEDs have the advantages of bright colors, high brightness, and easy control, making them very suitable for the production of advertising lights and directional lights. For example, LED billboards, LED traffic signals, etc.
Screen display: LEDs can also be used to make various screen display devices, such as LED displays, LED TVs, etc. These devices have the advantages of bright colors, high contrast, and wide viewing angles, providing users with a better visual experience.
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